4º ESO - Russian Revolution. Glossary

Bloody Sunday: a day in 1905 when Russia police killed and injured many peaceful demonstrators in Petrograd.

Bolsheviks: members of the more radical faction resulting from the split in the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1912.

Collectivisation: taking into public or state ownership.

Council of People's Commisars: the government of the USSR as created by the 1924 constitution.

Dictatorship of the proletariat: government where all the power is in the hands of the working people.

February Revolution: the riots and strikes of February 1917 which resulted  in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the proclamation of a republic.

Moscow Trials: a series of trials in the 1930s designed to eliminate all opposition to Stalin.

October Revolution: the revolution in 1917 when the Bolsheviks took power in a coup led by Lenin.

Personality cult: official propaganda to make people admire and love a leader.

Pressidium: a committee which functioned as a legislative authority under the Russian constitution of 1924.

Provisional government: the government in power after the February Revolution of 1917.

Red Army: the Bolshevik army which won the civil war in 1921.

State-managed economy: where the production of goods and the money supply is controlled by the government.

Supreme Soviet: the highest authority (legislative power) under the Russian constitution of 1924.

War communism: centralised state control of industry, trade, agriculture and the railways in the Russian Civil War of 1918-1921.

4º ESO - Semana Institutil de EEUU - El Gran Debate

Queridos cuartos

Os dejo una serie de enlaces útiles para preparar el debate.

- El gobierno de los EEUU
- El juego político en EEUU
- Las diferentes formas de gobierno en el mundo: Repúblicas, monarquías, etc.
- Sistemas electorales
- En la web de la embajada de EEUU hay información sobre el tema también. Sobre todo lo del país, claro... Aquí, por ejemplo. Y del plano legislativo y de gobierno, aquí.

Os recuerdo la configuración del debate.

En EEUU, la política se estructura alrededor de dos grandes partidos que lo acaparan prácticamente todo: El Partido Republicano y el Partido Demócrata. Dada esta premisa principal, deberemos organizarnos en torno a un candidato a presidente republicano y otro candidato a presidente demócrata. Hay dos personas que quieren ser presidentes: José Carlos Díaz y Cristina Villaba. Si surge otro voluntario para ser candidato a presidente, tendremos que situarlo como candidato independiente, verde... Hay alternativas. ¡En este caso, parece que Dani Pedrosa también quería regir los destinos de la primera potencia! Si sólo somos tres, lo haremos así. Si somos cuatro, organizaremos dos debates.

Es interesante matizar que, tanto en las campañas electorales como en el devenir cotidiano de la política estadounidense, hay dos figuras que cuentan con mucha importancia: el vicepresidente y el Secretario de Estado. Este último es una especie de ministro del interior y del exterior. Un súper ministro, vaya.

Si ninguno de los candidatos quiere representar a algún partido, haremos un sorteo. Una vez realizado éste, el candidato o candidata deberá ser, por favor, fiel al ideario de ese partido. Al fin y al cabo, esto no es más que un teatrillo, así que nadie tiene por qué sufrir, ok?

Más cosas: Os recuerdo también que cada presidenciable debe estar acompañado de un equipo de, al menos, tres asesores que deben ayudarle a elaborar el programa de, como mínimo:
- Política Exterior y Defensa
- Política Económica
- Política Social

Veréis, en uno de los enlaces que os he mandado, cuál es el nombre de cada uno de los ministerios que estructuran estas políticas. Allí no se llaman ministerios, sino departamentos. Sois libres y soberanos de incluir algún otro ámbito de gestión política. Los asesores permanecerán en el escenario y podrán, si lo estiman conveniente, pasar notas a sus jefes para ayudarle a responder a aquellas cuestiones sobre las que le esté inquiriendo el adversario político o periodista.

En otro ámbito, recuerdo, estará el grupo de periodistas. Éstos deben averiguar cuáles son las ideas generales de los republicanos y de los demócratas, así como qué alternativas suelen presentar los partidos pequeños. Durante el debate, deberán incomodar a los candidatos con sus preguntas. No importa que sean reiterativas ni que el candidato ya haya contado lo que el periodista pregunta.

El moderador o moderadora deberá encargarse de que el debate se desarrolle por cauces de respeto y limpieza, ordenando el turno de palabra y vigilando que cada uno de los candidatos tenga el mismo tiempo para exponer sus ideas.

El regidor será responsable del control del público. Este público se identificará, asimismo, con uno de los tres candidatos.

Quedan dos semanas. ¡A trabajar!

4º ESO: Unit 6. Imperialismo - Glosario

Muy buenas

Aquí os dejo la lista de palabras y expresiones que debéis tener presente de cara al estudio de esta unidad. Espero que os sea de utilidad. 

Acculturation: Adoption of the ways of a different culture

Agricultural Products: Things that are grown in large quantities to be sold

Balance of Trade: The difference in value between a country’s exports and imports

Big stick: The threat of using force to get something

British East India Company: A private business which first traded with India and later ruled it.

British Raj: The period of British rule in India

Civilise: To improve a society so that it is better organised and more developed

Colonial Exploitation: Unfairly using colonies to obtain power or wealth

Coloniser: A person who settles in a place and takes control over it

Colonisation: Settling in a place and taking control over it

Colony: A country occupied and controlled by another country (the metropole)

Dominion: A self-governing colony whose population came mainly from the metropole

Economic Interests: Policies or practices which tend to make a person or country richer

Expand: To make larger or to become larger

Export: To sell products to another country

Forced labour: Making people work against their will for little or no money

Imperialism: Increasing a country’s wealth and power by colonising other countries

Import: To buy products from another country

Indigenous Population: The native people in a colonised country

Manufactured Products: Things made on a la large-scale using machinery

Metropole: The parent state of a colony

Monoculture: The cultivation of only one crop in a given area

Monopoly: Exclusive possession of control over something

Opium Wars: 19th century wars fought between European powers and China over trade and diplomatic relations

Plantation: A large area of land where a single crop (e.g. cotton or tea) is grown

Political and military rivalry: Competition between countries to gain political and military supremacy

Prestige: High status or good reputation

Protectorate: A colonised country with its own indigenous government, but where the metropole is really in control, especially of defence and foreign policy

Raw Materials: The basic materials from which a product is made

Sepoy Rebellion: The revolt in 1857 of Indian soldiers in the British army in India

Settlement Colony: A colony with a small native population, settled mainly by white Europeans

Social segregation: When people of different classes in society have to live separately and cannot mix

Transoceanic canal: A manmade waterway connecting two oceans or seas

Hola a todos 

Os dejo aquí el listening escrito y dictado por Megan -el pasado martes en el aula de 4ºA y el jueves 21 en 4ºB. Enhorabuena por vuestro esfuerzo y vuestros magníficos resultados: 

American Revolution: 
1) Although the idea of “American liberalism”, or freedom was a big part of the Constitution, the rights of African American people who were slaves and the Indigenous people (or Indians) were not considered or included in the Constitution. 

Liberalism and nationalism: 
2) Liberalism is a concept about basic rights and freedoms, while nationalism is about the right of nations to create their own “state”, or government. 

French Revolution 
3) The phases of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1792 had three different ways of organizing the state: the constitutional monarchy, the democratic republic, and the bourgeois republic. 

The First French Republic: 
4) During the first French Republic, the power of the new state went from the moderate group, the Girondists, to the radical revolutionaries, the Jacobins, and later returned to the elite Bourgeois. 

Napolean: 
5) Napolean took power and conquered most of Europe and created his own empire. 
6) Napolean´s power began to decline in the year 1808 and ended when he was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo by Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. 

Restoration and liberal revolutions: 
7) After the defeat of Napolean, the European powers met at the Congress of Vienna where they signed the Holy Alliance. (an agreement to help each other in the case of any other liberal revoltuion in Europe.) 
8) During the years 1830 and 1848, many small revolutions happened throughout Europe in France, the Austrian Empire, the German states and the Italian states. 

Nationalist movements: 
9) In the 1800s, during the first Nationalist movements Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire and Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands. 
10) The states of Italy were unified with Rome as the capital and the Germanic States were unified as the Second German republic under the rule of Kaiser William I.